在fedora server 28上基于Kubeadm搭建Kubernetes v1.10.3全记录

2018-05-22 2274点热度 0人点赞 0条评论

参考文章

https://blog.csdn.net/foreverdingleo/article/details/79914150

官方文档：
Installing kubeadm
create-cluster-kubeadm

环境信息

操作环境

操作环境：DSM916+8G，创建虚拟机

虚机名称	CPU配置	内存配置
k8s-m1	2核	1500M
k8s-n1	2核	1G
k8s-n2	2核	1G
k8s-n3	2核	1G

操作系统：FedoraServer28
全部使用root操作

节点信息

内网环境，全部使用192.168.2.x 网段IP

编辑/etc/hosts添加如下内容

192.168.2.186 k8s-m1

192.168.2.189 k8s-n1
192.168.2.190 k8s-n2
192.168.2.191 k8s-n3

关闭防火墙与SELinux

#systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
#setenforce 0
#vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

FedoraServer dnf配置

编辑/etc/resolv.conf文件，添加如下内容：

nameserver 180.76.76.76
这里使用百度的DNS。

然后修改/etc/dnf/dnf.conf文件，添加如下内容：
fastestmirror=true

然后执行dnf upgrade更新最新的内核版本和软件版本

docker版本

按照fedora28升级docker为最新社区版方法的方法升级docker版本为docker社区最新版。升级完成之后的版本信息如下：

[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# docker version
Client:
 Version:      18.05.0-ce
 API version:  1.37
 Go version:   go1.9.5
 Git commit:   f150324
 Built:        Wed May  9 22:16:04 2018
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
 Orchestrator: swarm

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:      18.05.0-ce
  API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.5
  Git commit:   f150324
  Built:        Wed May  9 22:19:55 2018
  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

所有节点需要设定/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf的系统参数

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

关闭系统Swap

Kubernetes v1.8+ 要求关闭系统 Swap，若不关闭则需要修改 kubelet 设定参数，在所有节点利用以下指令关闭：

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0

记得/etc/fstab也要注解掉SWAP挂载,以下部分注释掉

#/dev/mapper/fedora-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

软件安装与配置

配置kubernetes yum源

cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo <<EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl

dnf install kubeadm kubelet kubectl

安装的软件版本是1.10.3

cgroup参数确认，并修改成一致

kubelet的cgroup驱动参数需要和docker使用的一致，先查询下docker的cgroup驱动参数是否与kubelet的一致。

[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# docker info |grep cgroup
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# cat /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf |grep cgroup
Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=systemd"

修改kubelet的cgroup为cgroupfs
sed -i "s/cgroup-driver=systemd/cgroup-driver=cgroupfs/g" /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

载入配置，启动kubelet

在启动kubeadm之前，一定要先启动kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet

设置kubelet开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet

拍摄快照，开始分支

下面开始，分别操作Master节点和Node节点,master节点和node节点配置不同，因此，开始拍摄快照，克隆虚拟机，按照节点配置，配置虚拟机的hostname和IP。

192.168.2.189 k8s-n1
192.168.2.190 k8s-n2
192.168.2.191 k8s-n3

首先关闭k8s-m1虚机，准备拍摄快照，做个备份。然后克隆出3台虚机，修改内存配置为1G。

修改主机名和IP地址
依次启动虚拟机，分别修改如下2个参数：

# 主机名
vi /etc/hostname
k8s-n1
# IP地址
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens3
IPADDR=192.168.2.189

其他2个节点操作类似，完成之后reboot，使修改生效。启动k8s-m1 master虚机。

启动Master节点

折腾了几次，每次都需要重新下载docker镜像，最终学乖了，首先把docker镜像下载下来，然后拍摄个快照，下次不行就恢复快照，就不用每次都下载了。[已经包含后面安装网络插件所需要安装的docker镜像]

docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.3
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.10.3
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.10.3
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.10.3
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.1.12
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1

docker镜像下载之后，在k8s-m1节点上执行以下操作：

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.10.3 --token-ttl 0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

该命令表示kubenetes集群版本号为v1.10.3，token的有效时间为0表示永久有效，容器的网络段为10.244.0.0/16，由于kubeadm安装方式只能用于建立最小可用集群，所以很多addon是没有集成的，包括网络插件，需要之后安装，但网段参数需要先行配置。

[root@k8s-m1 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.10.3 --token-ttl 0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.10.3
[init] Using Authorization modes: [Node RBAC]
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks.
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: docker version is greater than the most recently validated version. Docker version: 18.05.0-ce. Max validated version: 17.03
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
        [WARNING FileExisting-crictl]: crictl not found in system path
Suggestion: go get github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools/cmd/crictl
[certificates] Generated ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated apiserver certificate and key.
[certificates] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-m1 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.2.186]
[certificates] Generated apiserver-kubelet-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated etcd/ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated etcd/server certificate and key.
[certificates] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost] and IPs [127.0.0.1]
[certificates] Generated etcd/peer certificate and key.
[certificates] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-m1] and IPs [192.168.2.186]
[certificates] Generated etcd/healthcheck-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated apiserver-etcd-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated sa key and public key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf"
[controlplane] Wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-apiserver to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml"
[controlplane] Wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-controller-manager to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml"
[controlplane] Wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-scheduler to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml"
[etcd] Wrote Static Pod manifest for a local etcd instance to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml"
[init] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as Static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests".
[init] This might take a minute or longer if the control plane images have to be pulled.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 60.510324 seconds
[uploadconfig] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[markmaster] Will mark node k8s-m1 as master by adding a label and a taint
[markmaster] Master k8s-m1 tainted and labelled with key/value: node-role.kubernetes.io/master=""
[bootstraptoken] Using token: 14ylj1.bdo740sacxsceji4
[bootstraptoken] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-dns
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:

  kubeadm join 192.168.2.186:6443 --token 14ylj1.bdo740sacxsceji4 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3eb62343888af91eac138a779b2b8b45c42171e965c83fdfb6a5ee60f64dacae

经过几次的折腾，终于看到成功的消息了，好激动。
主要修改了以下几点：
1. 虚机内存之前给的有点小，只有1G，现在给了3G
2. docker的cgroup与kubelet的要一致，全部改成了cgroupfs

安装网络插件Pod

在成功启动Master节点后，在添加node节点之前，需要先安装网络管理插件，kubernetes可供选择的网络插件有很多，
如Calico，Canal，flannel，Kube-router,Romana,Weave Net
各种安装教程可以参考官方文档,create-cluster-kubeadm
首先需要执行

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

然后执行：

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.10.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

否则会有如下提示：

[root@k8s-m1 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.10.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

成功提示如下：

[root@k8s-m1 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.10.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "flannel" created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "flannel" created
serviceaccount "flannel" created
configmap "kube-flannel-cfg" created
daemonset.extensions "kube-flannel-ds" created

安装完成后，执行：

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

查看Pod的启动状态，一旦kube-dns Pod的启动状态为UP或者Running，集群就可以开始添加节点了。[终于看到全都是running了，搞了2周了都]

[wangxianfeng@k8s-m1 ~]$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   etcd-k8s-m1                      1/1       Running   5          14h
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-m1            1/1       Running   5          14h
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-m1   1/1       Running   5          14h
kube-system   kube-dns-86f4d74b45-k4w6j        3/3       Running   0          14h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-6fhxv            1/1       Running   1          14h
kube-system   kube-proxy-pqxtc                 1/1       Running   5          14h
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-m1            1/1       Running   5          14h

启动node节点虚机，加入master

内存配置修改为2G，不启动那么多了，2台就够了。
根据上边提示，在k8s-n1上运行如下命令：

kubeadm join 192.168.2.186:6443 --token 14ylj1.bdo740sacxsceji4 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3eb62343888af91eac138a779b2b8b45c42171e965c83fdfb6a5ee60f64dacae

得到的结果如下：

[root@k8s-n1 wangxianfeng]# kubeadm join 192.168.2.186:6443 --token 14ylj1.bdo740sacxsceji4 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3eb62343888af91eac138a779b2b8b45c42171e965c83fdfb6a5ee60f64dacae
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks.
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: docker version is greater than the most recently validated version. Docker version: 18.05.0-ce. Max validated version: 17.03
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
        [WARNING FileExisting-crictl]: crictl not found in system path
Suggestion: go get github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools/cmd/crictl
[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "192.168.2.186:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://192.168.2.186:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://192.168.2.186:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "192.168.2.186:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "192.168.2.186:6443"

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to master and a response
  was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.

看到了成功的，消息，很是高兴，然后再master上运行以下命令，确认一下,用root用户，得到如下结果：

kubectl get nodes
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

是因为没有执行如下命令：

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

再次执行命令就得到如下结果：

[wangxianfeng@k8s-m1 ~]$ kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
k8s-m1    Ready     master    14h       v1.10.3
k8s-n1    Ready     <none>    1m        v1.10.3

不容易啊，全部都是Ready状态了。
当node节点全部是Ready状态的时候，需要下载如下镜像：

[root@k8s-n1 wangxianfeng]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64   v1.10.3             4261d315109d        3 days ago          97.1MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel        v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        4 months ago        44.6MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64        3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        5 months ago        742kB

如果早知道，可以提前下载：

docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.3
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker pull k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1

Kubernetes-Dashboard（WebUI）的安装

以下部分参考文章Kubernetes v1.10.x HA 全手动安装教程的dashboard部分
Dashboard 是 Kubernetes 社区官方开发的仪表板，有了仪表板后管理者就能够通过 Web-based 方式来管理 Kubernetes 集群，除了提升管理方便，也让资源视觉化，让人更直觉看见系统信息的呈现结果。

安装dashboard

在k8s-m1通过 kubectl 来建立 kubernetes dashboard 即可：
事先下载docker镜像：

docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3

然后执行以下指令：

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
secret "kubernetes-dashboard-certs" created
serviceaccount "kubernetes-dashboard" created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "kubernetes-dashboard-minimal" created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "kubernetes-dashboard-minimal" created
deployment.apps "kubernetes-dashboard" created
service "kubernetes-dashboard" created

kubectl -n kube-system get po,svc -l k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard


[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# kubectl -n kube-system get po,svc -l k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d5dcdb6d9-m8fsk   1/1       Running   0          17s

NAME                           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/kubernetes-dashboard   ClusterIP   10.107.179.170   <none>        443/TCP   17s

这边会额外建立一个名称为open-api Cluster Role Binding，这仅作为方便测试时使用，在一般情况下不要开启，不然就会直接被存取所有 API:

cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

metadata:

  name: open-api

  namespace: ""

roleRef:

  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

  kind: ClusterRole

  name: cluster-admin

subjects:

  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

    kind: User

    name: system:anonymous

EOF

注意!管理者可以针对特定使用者来开放 API 存取权限，但这边方便使用直接绑在 cluster-admin cluster role。

浏览器访问

完成后，就可以通过浏览器访问dashboard

浏览器访问地址：

https://192.168.2.186:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

在 1.7 版本以后的 Dashboard 将不再提供所有权限，因此需要建立一个 service account 来绑定 cluster-admin role：

[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# kubectl -n kube-system create sa dashboard
serviceaccount "dashboard" created
[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard --clusterrole cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "dashboard" created
[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# SECRET=$(kubectl -n kube-system get sa dashboard -o yaml | awk '/dashboard-token/ {print $3}')
[root@k8s-m1 wangxianfeng]# kubectl -n kube-system describe secrets ${SECRET} | awk '/token:/{print $2}'
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJkYXNoYm9hcmQtdG9rZW4temNiOXQiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoiZGFzaGJvYXJkIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQudWlkIjoiZDczNzBmMTQtNjA1My0xMWU4LWE0MDctMDIxMTMyMmI4OGUzIiwic3ViIjoic3lzdGVtOnNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Omt1YmUtc3lzdGVtOmRhc2hib2FyZCJ9.Srzmt9hgpZ1ziNs6mqc_Bewo6PllcB2N92Zyq_EiCqV42PH9CPhNnHjTwcuxJ3rsJVVQUBW7V7V92zkKnOC5wCokIFJ526-CO8u901mj8tD9r2hEwvlukY0aP9BLDcpJKDCOKWXzryeLWWXb2s2Ydq_TJ8yy_EaPyFEKB903fXK6Vuhrg1XRgWwmVG4oSKbgnBJ5vjysvoud_YP-4gyIpSca6fq81t9IJ63oOcN65vQ3ct7qRvZ9-XD9nhk5znZg-DPcCVu4wmM35t2QLvlnmJLEMUgHX_bAxFCdtvfTO_kEo7ZIYBGJ8f2RlbHzKDYBGTLZWp_fUT9neKHGHwauKg

复制token，然后贴到 Kubernetes dashboard。注意这边一般来说要针对不同 User 开启特定存取权限。

把dashboard用frp穿透出去

穿透出去就可以用外网访问了，可以随时随地看看，配置如下：

[k8s-dashboard]
type=https
custom_domains=dashboard.aiuyo.com
local_ip=192.168.2.186
local_port=6443
use_encryption=true
use_compression=true

穿透之后的访问地址是dashboard：

https://dashboard.aiuyo.com/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/overview?namespace=default

令牌：

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Heapster

Heapster是Kubernetes社区维护的容器集群监控与效能分析工具。Heapster 会从 Kubernetes apiserver 取得所有 Node 信息，然后再通过这些 Node 来取得 kubelet 上的资料，最后再将所有收集到资料送到 Heapster 的后台储存 InfluxDB，最后利用 Grafana 来抓取 InfluxDB 的资料源来进行视觉化。

首先在k8s-m1上git下载heapster的源码

git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster.git

然后执行如下命令：

cd heapster
kubectl create -f deploy/kube-config/influxdb/
kubectl create -f deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yaml

等全部服务启动完毕之后，即可通过浏览器访问Heapster

本作品采用知识共享署名 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可